|
Dossier de candidature à un PHC
2008
/2009
|
| (Candidature initiale) -
Déposé
le 13 septembre 2007 à 21h15
|
| |
| Programme concerné |
| PHC AURORA (Norvège) |
| |
| 1 - Partenaires |
| |
Équipe française
|
Équipe norvégienne
|
| Chef de projet |
|
|
| Nom |
M
BACHER
CEDRIC
|
M
STRAND
OIVIND
|
| Fonction |
responsable de programme |
Project leader |
| Laboratoire |
|
|
| Nom - Sigle |
DYNAMIQUES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT COTIER
-
DYNECO
|
SHELLFISH RESEARCH GROUP |
| Institution de rattachement |
IFREMER
|
INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH |
| Adresse |
BP 70 |
NORDNESGT. 50, BOKS 1870 NORDNES |
| Code postal |
29280 |
5817 |
| Ville |
PLOUZANE |
BERGEN |
| Tél |
02 98 22 42 15 |
(47) 55236367 |
| Télécopie |
|
|
| Mél |
cbacher@ifremer.fr |
oivind.strand@imr.no |
| Directeur |
M
DE ROECK
YANN-HERVE
|
M
TORRISEN
OLE J.
|
|
| |
| 2 - Projet |
| Titre |
| Modelling Mussel for Aquaculture (MOMA) |
| Domaine |
| Agronomie, productions animale, végétale et agroalimentaire |
| |
| 3 - Moyens demandés en 2008 |
| |
France vers Norvège
|
Norvège
vers France
|
| Nombre total de personnes |
2
|
4
|
| Nombre total de voyages |
2
|
4
|
| Durée totale des séjours (en jours) |
14
|
28
|
|
| |
| 4 - Moyens demandés en 2009 |
| |
France vers Norvège
|
Norvège
vers France
|
| Nombre total de personnes |
2
|
4
|
| Nombre total de voyages |
2
|
4
|
| Durée totale des séjours (en jours) |
14
|
28
|
|
| |
| 5 - Autres financements reçus |
| Autres financements reçus ou demandés |
| Préciser |
Norwegian Research Council, 554 000 EUR |
| Avez-vous déjà bénéficié
d'un financement pour ce PHC ? |
non
|
| Sur le même thème de recherche ? |
non |
| Avec le même partenaire ? |
non |
| Autres demandes déposées pour 2008 |
non
|
|
| |
| 6 - Description du projet |
| Objectif scientifique et/ou technologique de la collaboration |
| The
utilization of the Norwegian coastal zone is rapidly increasing and the
aquaculture industry faces the challenge of competing for space with
other users. Farming and sea ranching of suspension feeding shellfish
is a growing industry in Norway (approx. 580 licenses are given). The
production of mussels (Mytilus edulis) has increased from a level of
less than 500 metric tons per year during the last two decades to
4-5000 tons in resent years. The development of sea ranching of
scallops (Pecten maximus) has been prompted by the new Act on sea
ranching, since this has launched a substantial increase in seabed
areas for culture. There is also increased interest in flatoyster
(Ostrea edulis) farming. The expected expansion of mussel farming has
been hindered primarily by harvest closures due to toxic algae, low
meat content partially caused by high-density mussel stocks, and post
harvest logistic factors, which all interact. However, recent
structural and competitive improvements in the industry have
demonstrated that development will proceed and a substantial increase
in biomass is expected. To effectively take the advantage of available
areas it is thus necessary to realize Norway's potential for
aquaculture. In this context the carrying capacity is crucial. This
requires scientific knowledge on ecological interactions related to
bivalve production, both on carrying capacity estimations and measures
for localization of farming. This knowledge concerns the interactions
between bivalve and environment. Growth of suspension-feeding bivalves
is largely controlled by food supply, which is affected by seston
concentration and composition as well as seston transport rate
(Frechette et al. 1989). Food supply is also linked with phytoplankton
dynamics (Rosenberg and Loo 1983, Smaal and Stralen, 1991). Suspension
feeders such as mussels have a remarkable capacity to filter the water
column and to deplete the water of seston, and in culture they may be
food limited at high density (Navarro et al. 1991, Strohmeier et al.
2005). Based on the studies on how farm design reduces current speed,
deplete food particles and influences carrying capacity mussel farms
(Strohmeier et al. 2005; Aure et al. 2007), IMR research group has
together with The modelling group at Department of Biology at the
University of Bergen started to establish modelling capacity within
shellfish aquaculture. To achieve high quality shellfish and to select
new suitable farming sites (or expand existing farming sites) it is
clear that the stocking density at which production levels are
maximized without negatively affecting growth rate has to be determined
(Carver and Mallet 1990). This objective can be achieved by developing
mathematical models as a basis for management tools. They need to
include processes at individual/eco-physiological level,
farm/population level and ecosystem level (Beadman et al. 2002).
Individual models have been addressed recently with generic models
based on Dynamic Energy budget concepts (Ren and Ross, 2005; Pouvreau
et al. 2006; Bacher and Gangnery, 2006 ; Casas and Bacher, 2006) and
these tools are proposed as a contribution to the development of
carrying capacity models in Norwegian coastal waters. Three levels of
modelling are considered. The basic operation of the Fjord model
NORWECOM is implemented for the Lysefjord and Hardangerfjord (Asplin et
al., 2004) and will provide the current velocity, primary production,
phytoplankton concentrations, etc in the fjord for various situations,
necessary to force the Farm model and the Mussel model. The Mussel
model will be based on existing models (DEB model), developed for
mussels in suspended culture in low seston environments using data from
on-going work in Norway. The model will be a module of Farm model, in
suspended culture and subsequently for scallops in sea ranching, which
simulates seston flux according to farm design (i.e. length / width
relation and spacing between long-lines). |
| Fichier(s) téléchargé(s) par le candidat |
| Liste des fichiers joints |
Taille |
| Literature_cited.pdf |
56ko
|
| CV_IMR_Ifremer.pdf |
27ko
|
| Taille totale |
83ko
|
|
| Programme de travail proposé et calendrier |
| In
order to implement, validate and apply the carrying capacity model to
mussel farms in Norwegian fjords, tasks will consist in: · Adapting and
implementing the ecophysiology DEB model for mussels using Norwegian
datasets. · Calibrating the Mussel model to low seston conditions and
validate the model simulations on data collected from mussel farms and
production areas. · Coupling existing models: the Fjord, Mussel, Farm
models · Training scientists to the use of the models through its
implementation in easy to use simulation software, and help therefore
to convert model outputs into recommendations for shellfish farmers.
Data needed to calibrate and validate the models will be collected by
the Norwegian partner within the on-going CANO (Carrying capacity in
Norwegian aquaculture) funded to IMR by the Research Council of Norway
(2006-2009). This includes data on temperature, seston concentration,
nutrients, and laboratory experiments on the filtration by mussels,
measurements of mussel growth (dry weight, shell length) during one
year at one site. Within the MOMA project, modelling tasks will be
achieved through workshops on modelling training and implementation
twice a year during 2 years, while specific developments and tests will
be carried out in the meantime, using electronic communication to
exchange data and results. The timetable of the corresponding tasks is
detailed below: · Months 1-3: exchange of data sent by IMR to IFREMER
in order to test the individual model of mussel ecophysiology · Month
4: workshop in Norway to discuss the results of the mussel model (one
week), calibrate the model on measured growth data and to train
partners from IMR using STELLA simulation software · Month 5-9: test of
the individual model using datasets provided by the NORWECOM ecosystem
model in order to assess the differences in mussel growth at different
locations. The model will provide the current velocity, primary
production, phytoplankton concentrations, flagellate/diatom
composition, detritus in the fjord for various situations, necessary to
force the mussel model. Datasets will be sent by IMR partners to
IFREMER who will test the mussel model · Month 10: workshop in France
to discuss the new results, transfer the code to IMR and plan the work
on the coupling between the ecosystem and mussel models · Month 11-17:
coupling of the mussel and ecosystem models. IMR partners will
implement the mussel model into the NORWECOM model and IFREMER will
develop the farm model, coupling transport and mussel models at a small
scale. Both models will be applied to the fjord selected and documented
in the CANO project · Month 18: workshop in Norway to discuss the
results of ecosystem/mussel and farm models. Scenarios to apply the
models will be proposed and discussed. Publications in scientific
journals will also be planned for the final 6 months of the project ·
Month 19-23: simulations of scenarios: locations of farms in the
selected fjord, density of mussels and size of the farm, application to
several time series of driving functions in order to reflect
inter-annual variability. Drafts of scientific papers will be started ·
Month 24: final workshop in France. Discussion of the results, drafting
and editing of the scientific paper |
| Intérêt de la collaboration et complémentarité
des équipes |
| Ifremer
has been applying DEB models for the past 2 years for a variety of
species (oysters, mussels, cockles) and ecosystems (Baie du Mont Saint
Michel, Baie des Veys, Etang de Thau, Bassin de Marennes-Oléron, Bassin
d'Arcachon) and look for applying these generic models to other
ecosystems for environmental and aquaculture issues. IMR will provide
the data to test the DEB model (mussel growth, environmental
parameters) and the Fjord model NORWECOM will yield the inputs to the
DEB model which will be embedded in the Farm model and used to estimate
the effect of rearing strategy on mussel growth. This project is
therefore an opportunity to test the model on new datasets
corresponding to northern ecosystems with different environmental
conditions (temperature, food concentration). It is also of great
interest to assess carrying capacity in other ecosystems in order to
develop and implement generic tools that can be used by managers to
assess site suitability for shellfish aquaculture. This issue is a
common concern of both partners and has been raised by several
countries as a need in the framework of aquaculture sustainability
(e.g. Canada, China, New Zealand, Ireland). In combination with the
CANO (Carrying capacity in Norwegian aquaculture) project funded by the
Norwegian authorities, the collaboration will therefore generate a core
group of scientists capable to address carrying capacity issues.
Expertise of scientists are also complementary. Participants from
Ifremer have been involved in ecophysiological and modelling projects
dealing with carrying capacity and aquaculture challenges. Participants
from IMR have a well known expertise on the interactions between
aquaculture and environment. |
| Avantages de la collaboration pour le laboratoire français |
| Ifremer
and IMR have signed an agreement in May 2006, and the topic on
"Localisation and environmental impact of aquaculture activities" is
mentioned in the list of collaborative works. This project is directly
linked to this topic and is therefore part of Ifremer strategy to
establish collaboration with IMR in the aquaculture area. Besides, the
project has no risk of failure because of quality of scientists
involved in both sides and it will contribute to disseminate and
acknowledge Ifremer expertise in carrying capacity assessment, one of
the hot topic in aquaculture faced to sustainability issues. |
| |
| 7 - Présentation des équipes |
| Composition des équipes (signaler
par "*" les personnes qui participent au projet) |
| France |
Dr. Cedric Bacher
Dr. Marianne Alunno-Bruscia |
| Norvège |
Dr. Oivind Strand
Dr. Lars Asplin
Tore Stroheimer (PhD student)
Jan Aure, Dr. Rune Rosland |
|
| Equipements disponibles pour la réalisation du projet |
| France |
Software: STELLA ·
Models: Dynamic Energy Model (DEB) for mussels |
| Norvège |
·
Models: NORWECOM (Fjord model) and Farm model
· Data on hydrography, primary production, phytoplankton biomass, food
particles and mussel growth from production areas of low seston
environments |
|
| Publications significatives en rapport avec le projet
(5 maximum) |
| France |
Bacher
C., Grant J., Hawkins A.J.S., Fang C. , Zhu M., Besnard M., 2003.
Modelling the effect of food depletion on scallop growth in Sungo Bay
(China). Aquat. Living Resour, 16, 10-24.
Casas S., C. Bacher, 2006. Modelling the bioaccumulation of metals in
the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Journal of Sea Research, 53.
Bacher C., A. Gangnery, 2006. Use of Dynamic Energy Budget and
Individual Based models to simulate the dynamics of cultivated oyster
populations. Journal of Sea Research, 53.
Gangnery A., Bacher C., Buestel D., 2004. Application of a population
dynamics model to the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis,
reared in Thau lagoon (France). Aquaculture, 229, 289-313.
Pouvreau S., Bourles Y., Lefebvre S., Gangnery A., Alunno-Bruscia M.,
2006. Application of a dynamic energy budget model to the Pacific
oyster, Crassostrea gigas, reared under various environmental
conditions. Journal of Sea Research, 53.
van der Veer, H., Alunno-Bruscia, M., 2006. Dynamic energy budgets in
bivalves. Journal of Sea Research, 53. |
| Norvège |
Aure,
J., Strohmeier, T. and Strand, Ø. 2007. Modeling the influence of farm
design on current speed and carrying capacity in long-line blue mussel
(Mytilus edulis) farms. Aquaculture Research 38:304-312
Aure, J., Strand, Ø., Erga, S.R., Strohmeier, T. in press. Primary
production enhancement by artificial upwelling in a western Norwegian
fjord. Accepted MEPS
Stigebrandt, A., Aure, J., Ervik, A., Hansen, P.K. 2004. Regulating the
local environmental impact of intensive marine fish farming. III: A
model for estimation of the holding capacity in the MOM system
(Modelling - Ongrowing fish farm - Monitoring). Aquaculture 234:
239-261 Strohmeier, T., Aure, J., Duinker, A., Castberg, T., Svardal,
A. and Strand, Ø. 2005. Flow reduction, seston depletion, meat content
and distribution of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in a long-line blue
mussel (Mytilus edulis) farm. J. Shellfish. Res. 24: 15-24 Strohmeier,
T., Duinker, A., Strand, Ø. and Aure, J., In prep. Farm scale variation
in food availability and meat content in long-line mussel (Mytilus
edulis) culture. Submitted Aquaculture. |
|
| Appuis demandés et/ou obtenus pour ce projet, en
dehors de ce PHC |
| France |
Bilateral agreement between IFREMER and IMR, including aquaculture research |
| Norvège |
Bilateral
agreement between IFREMER and IMR, including aquaculture research
The Norwegian project CANO (Carrying capacity in Norwegian aquaculture)
is a strategic institiute programme funded to IMR by the Research
Council of Norway (2006-2009). Strategic programmes are designed to
promote long-term competence building and research in a specific
subject area that is expected to play a significant role in the
institute's future activities. The objective of CANO is to develop
methods for estimate the carrying capacity for cultivation of finfish,
shellfish cultivation and sea ranching of lobster. The work-package on
shellfish will provide scientific knowledge, competence and modelling
capacity that can meet the demands on assessments of carrying capacity
of bivalve suspension feeders. Provide practical application of this
expertise to develop a culture management system for Norwegian coastal
waters. Other funding on projects dealing with mussel culture in fjords
will also provide data for use in MOMA. |
|
| |
| 8 - Perspectives de la coopération |
| Rappel du contexte
de la coopération et des relations existantes |
| Ifremer
and IMR have signed a joined agreement in May 2006, and the topic on
"Localisation and environmental impact of aquaculture activities" is
mentioned in the list of collaborative works. This project is directly
linked to this topic and is therefore part of Ifremer strategy to
establish collaboration with IMR in the aquaculture area. |
Formation par la recherche
(ce projet sert-il de support à une formation par la recherche,
notamment dans le cadre d'une cotutelle de thèse ? Le cas échéant,
préciser le nom des doctorants ainsi que leur sujet de recherche). |
| One
Norwegian participant is a PhD student involved in the CANO project. T.
Strohmeier will be trained on the DEB model during the MOMA project. |
Résultats attendus du projet
(Publications, communications, organisation de colloques, formation,
valorisation économique, sociale, industrielle, dépôt
de brevet) |
| Expected
results are the following: * we will improve and validate the
ecophysiology model for mussels, as a generic tool applicable to any
site at the scale of a farm or an ecosystem. This is not only true for
Norwegian coastal waters, and the model will be applied to other
ecosystems in France. This is a very important step in the
applicability of robust models for shellfish aquaculture. It also has
implications in term understanding and assessing the environmental
factors limiting or enhancing mussel growth. * By definition the type
of model developed in the project is also applicable to other shellfish
and fish species. Our results will therefore support other projects
dealing with other farmed species * we will design and implement
friendly modelling tools for the ecophysiology and the farm models,
applicable to Norwegian and French aquaculture sites, and these tools
will be used to demonstrate and predict the carrying capacity for
shellfish farming, e.g. growth of mussels depending on mussel density,
site location, environment variability * we will publish our results in
high rated international and applied scientific journals * through
training, we will extend our capacity to adress carrying capacity
issues in Norway and France |
Perspectives européennes
(Participation existante ou envisagée à un programme communautaire
; le ou les nommer. Préciser votre ou vos partenaires) |
| There
is a need to disseminate tools capable to define sustainable
aquaculture in Europe. Partners of this project have been participating
to European project on this topic (ECASA, 2005-2008) and will : ·
Maintain a network of international scientists (Netherlands, France,
Norway) at the top level of ecophysiology modelling in relation with
aquaculture needs, through combined CANO/MOMA workshops, dissemination
of DEB concepts and models, joint scientific publications, applications
to other sites in France, Netherlands. · Take the opportunity to
prepare new projects with other partners in the FP7 |
| Autres perspectives internationales |
| Through
this project, both Institutes are willing to :
· Strengthen IMR-IFREMER cooperation which has been targeted by both
IMR and Ifremer under a Joint Agreement signed in 2006
· Maintain a network of international scientists (Canada, Netherlands,
France, Norway) at the top level of ecophysiology modelling in relation
with aquaculture needs, through combined CANO/MOMA workshops,
dissemination of DEB concepts and models, joint scientific
publications, applications to other sites in France, Netherlands. ·
Seek for cooperations with other countries not involved in the project
but concerned by the development and sustainability of aquaculture (New
Zealand, China), thanks to past bilateral and multilateral
collaborations (e.g. Carrying Capacity assessment in the Shandong
Province, China, funded by the EU (INCO, 1998-2001) and Norway) |
Perspectives industrielles actuelles ou attendues
(Partenaires, retombées envisagées) |
| The
results of the project will be used for aquaculture management,
development and optimization in the coastal zone. Simulations will
allow testing scenarios of aquaculture development regarding site
suitability, rearing density, aquaculture impact on the environment
(biodeposition), farm scaling in order to minimize negative feedbacks
in terms of growth and detrimental effect on the environment. |
| |
| 9 - Tableau récapitulatif des
moyens demandés pour la réalisation du projet en 2008 |
|
Nom des chercheurs
|
Fonction
|
Voyages
|
Jours
|
Laboratoire - Ville
|
|
M
Bacher
Cedric
|
Program manager |
1
|
7
|
Ifremer - Ploluzané |
|
Mme
Alunno-Bruscia
Marianne
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
Ifremer - Argenton |
|
|
M
Oivind
Strand
|
Project Manager |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Aure
Jan
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Asplin
Jan
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Strohmeier
Tore
|
PhD student |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
| |
| 10 - Tableau récapitulatif des
moyens demandés pour la réalisation du projet en 2009 |
|
Nom des chercheurs
|
Fonction
|
Voyages
|
Jours
|
Laboratoire - Ville
|
|
M
Bacher
Cedric
|
Program Manager |
1
|
7
|
IFREMER - Plouzane |
|
Mme
Alunno-Bruscia
Marianne
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
Ifremer - Argenton |
|
|
M
Strand
Oivind
|
Project Manager |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Aure
Jan
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Asplin
Lars
|
Scientist |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
M
Strohmeier
Tore
|
PhD student |
1
|
7
|
IMR - Bergen |
|
| |